[XML] 나만의 XML 정의

2008. 1. 4. 09:37

출처 : http://miriam.tistory.com/209

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="euc-kr"?>

<!DOCTYPE Computer [
<!ELEMENT Computer (CPU, Memory, GraphicCard)>
<!ELEMENT CPU (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT Memory (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT GraphicCard (#PCDATA)>
]>

XML 문서의 DTD 선언문(Document Type Declaration)
=> XML의 구조가 DTD에 의해 정의되어 있다는 것을 명시하기 위한 구문
   1) <!DOCTYPE 문서타입이름 SYSTEM "DTD 파일이름">
   2) <!DOCTYPE 문서타입이름 [ DTD 정의 ]>
   3) 엘리먼트 선언 방법
   <!ELEMENT 엘리먼트 이름 엘리먼트 내용>
   4) 하위 엘리먼트를 갖는 엘리먼트 선언
   <!ELEMENT Book (Title, Author, PubDate)>
   5) 값을 갖는 엘리먼트 선언
   <!ELEMENT Title (#PCDATA)>
   6) 빈 엘리먼트 선언
   <!ELEMENT PubDate EMPTY>

<!DOCTYPE BookList [
<!ELEMENT BookList (Book)>
<!ELEMENT Book (Title, Author, PubDate)>
<!ELEMENT Title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT Author (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT PubDate (#PCDATA)>
]>

엘리먼트의 연결자
=> , : and 의 의미로 엘리먼트가 순차적으로 발생함 <!ELEMENT A (B, C)>
| : or 의 의미로 엘리먼트가 선택적으로 발생함 <!ELEMENT A (B | C)>

엘리먼트의 발생 지시자
=> <!ELEMENT BookList (Book)> : 반드시 한번 사용된다
   <!ELEMENT BookList (Book?)> : 사용되지 않거나 한 번 사용된다
   <!ELEMENT BookList (Book+)> : 한번 이상 사용된다
   <!ELEMENT BookList (Book*)> : 사용되지 않거나 여러 번 사용된다

<!DOCTYPE BookList [
<!ELEMENT BookList (Book+)>
<!ELEMENT Book (Title, Author*, (PubDate | Date)?)>
<!ELEMENT Title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT Author (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT PubDate EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT Date EMPTY>
]>

어트리뷰트의 형
=> CDATA : 일반적인 값을 갖는 어트리뷰트
<!ATTLIST Date year CDATA #REQUIRED>
=> 열거형 : 열거된 값 중 하나를 선택적으로 갖는 어트리뷰트
<!ATTLIST Price unit (원 | 달러 | 엔) #REQUIRED>
=> ID 형 : XML 문서 내에 유일한 값을 갖는 어트리뷰트 선언

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="euc-kr"?>
<!DOCTYPE BookList [
<!ELEMENT BookList (Book+)>
<!ELEMENT Book (Title, Author*, Price, (PubDate | Date)?)>
<!ATTLIST Book ISBN ID #REQUIRED>
<!ELEMENT Title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT Author (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT Price (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST Price unit (원 | 달러 | 엔) #REQUIRED>
<!ELEMENT PubDate EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST PubDate year CDATA #REQUIRED month CDATA #REQUIRED>
<!ELEMENT Date EMPTY>
]>

어트리뷰트의 디폴트 값
=> #REQUIRED : 반드시 사용되어야 하는 어트리뷰트 선언
   <!ATTLIST Book ISBN ID #REQUIRED>
=> #IMPLIED : 어트리뷰트가 사용될 수도 있고, 사용되지 않을 수도 있다
   <!ATTLIST Date year CDATA #IMPLIED>
=> #FIXED "어트리뷰트 값" : 어트리뷰트가 사용될 경우에는 반드시 선언된
   값으로 사용해야 함
   <!ATTLIST Price unit CDATA #FIXED "won">

******* 54 Page 참고 ********

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE Person [
<!ELEMENT Person (#PCDATA)>
<!ENTITY name "이명진">
]>

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE Person [
<!ELEMENT Person (#PCDATA)>
<!ENTITY name SYSTEM name.txt>
]>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="euc-kr"?>
<!DOCTYPE BookList [
<!ELEMENT BookList (Book+)>
<!ELEMENT Book (#PCDATA)>
<!ENTITY name "XML 프로그래밍">
<!ENTITY bookContent SYSTEM "book.xml">
]>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="euc-kr"?>
<com:Computer xmlns:com="http://www.computer.com">
<com:CPU>Pentium 2.0</com:CPU>
<com:Memory>512MB</com:Memory>
<com:GraphicCard>Radeon 9200</com:GraphicCard>
</com:Computer>

<lan:name xmlns:lan="http://www.sun.com">Java</lan:name>
<food:name xmlns:food="http://www.food.net">Java</food:nae>

<Computer xmlns="http://www.computer.com">

<!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)> :: <xsd:element name="title" type="xsd:string" />
<!ELEMENT number (#PCDATA)> :: <xsd:element name="number" type="xsd:integer" />
<!ELEMENT date (#PCDATA)> :: <xsd:element name="title" type="xsd:date" />

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xsd:element name="car">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:element name="CC" type="xsd:integer" />
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" elementFormDefault="qualifed">
<xsd:element name="car">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:element name="CC" type="xsd:integer" />
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>

<!ELEMENT book (name, author?)>
<!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT authors (#PCDATA)>

<xsd:element name="book">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:element name="authors" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1">
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xsd:element name="booklist">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="book" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:element name="author" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
<xsd:element name="page" type="xsd:integer" />
<xsd:element name="price" type="xsd:integer" />
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>

기본적으로 제공되는 데이터 타입
=> string / boolean / decimal / time / date / duration
integer / ID

Complex Type - <xsd:complexType>
=> <xsd:element> 엘리먼트의 하위 요소
엘리먼트가 하위 엘리먼트나 어트리뷰트를 갖을 경우에 사용

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xsd:element name="booklist">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="book" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="part">
<xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
<xsd:enumeration value="XML" />
<xsd:enumeration value="XSLT" />
<xsd:enumeration value="Schema" />
</xsd:restriction>
</xsd:simpleType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:element name="page">
<xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:restriction base="xsd:integer">
<xsd:minInclusive value="1" />
<xsd:maxInclusive value="1500" />
</xsd:restriction>
</xsd:simpleType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>

Contents Model : 엘리먼트가 갖는 하위 엘리먼트들의 발생 관계를 나타낸다.
=> <xsd:sequence> : 각 엘리먼트들이 순서대로 발생
<xsd:all> : 순서에 상관없이 한 번씩 발생
<xsd:choice>

********* 88 / 89 페이지 ************

SAX의 7가지 이벤트 핸들러
=> ContentHandler / ErrorHandler / DTDHandler / EntityResolver
DeclHandler / LexicalHandler / DefaultHandler

class ImplHandler implements ContentHandler {
void startDocument() {
System.out.println("XML Document Start");
}
void endDocument() {
System.out.println("XML Document End");
}
}

ErrorHandler : XML 문서 처리 도중 오류 발생시 호출되는 이벤트
=> fatalError(SAXParseException exception)
error(SAXParseException exception)
warning(SAXParseException exception)

ImplHandler errorHandler = new ImplHandler();
xmlReader.setErrorHandler(errorHandler);

SAX 파서 사용 예제
=> SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser();
parser.parse(filename, new DefaultHandler());

   DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
   DocumentBuilder builder = new factory.newDocumentBuilder();
   Document document = builder.parse(filename);

/**
DOM 파서를 생성하고, XML 문서를 파싱하거나 새로운 XML 문서를 생성하는 예제
**/
import javax.xml.parsers.*;
import org.w3c.dom.*;

public class CreateDOMParser {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
DocumentBuilderFactory factory =
DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder dBuilder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();

// 빈 Document 객체 생성
Document emptyDocument = dBuilder.newDocument();
System.out.println("빈 Document 객체 생성 완료");

// XML 파일을 로딩하여 Document 객체 생성
Document xmlDocument = dBuilder.parse("DOMSample.xml");
System.out.println("DOMSample.xml 문서를 입력으로 Document 객체 생성 완료");
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace(System.err);
}
}
}